I specialize in the history of the modern Middle East, focusing on Egypt in the 19th and 20th century. I am interested in monetary and financial history, the history of central banking, state formation and the history of capitalism. My dissertation is tentatively titled “The Ties that Bind: Money, Sovereignty, and Empire in Egypt,” focusing a history of money in Egypt and of Egyptian money outside of Egypt from 1885 to 1952 through the history of the National Bank of Egypt, a private bank which was slowly turned into Egypt’s central bank throughout the interwar period.